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美國國家標準技術(shù)研究院（NIST）（National Institute of Standards and Technoligy）
美國國家標準技術(shù)研究院（NIST）（National Institute of Standards and Technoligy）是屬于美國商業(yè)部的技術(shù)管理部門，前身是1901年建立的聯(lián)邦政府的第一個物理科學實驗室，位于馬里蘭州的Gaithersburg，是目前NIST總部所在地，占地234公頃，另一分部，位于科羅拉多州的Boulder,占地84公頃，還有兩個設(shè)在大學的聯(lián)合研究所，JILA在Colorado大學，CARB在Maryland大學。NIST的任務(wù)是為提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、促進貿(mào)易和改善生活質(zhì)量、提高計量、標準和技術(shù).

NIST標準品及標準件包括:食品與農(nóng)業(yè)、健康與診斷、法醫(yī)學、環(huán)境、高純試劑、和工業(yè)衛(wèi)生等行業(yè)。

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From automated teller machines and atomic clocks to mammograms and semiconductors, innumerable products and services rely in some way on technology, measurement, and standards provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Founded in 1901, NIST is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST's mission is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.

NIST carries out its mission in four cooperative programs:

the NIST Laboratories, conducting research that advances the nation's technology infrastructure and is needed by U.S. industry to continually improve products and services;

the Baldrige National Quality Program, which promotes performance excellence among U.S. manufacturers, service companies, educational institutions, health care providers, and nonprofit organizations; conducts outreach programs and manages the annual Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award which recognizes performance excellence and quality achievement;

the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, a nationwide network of local centers offering technical and business assistance to smaller manufacturers; and

the Technology Innovation Program, which is planned to provide cost-shared awards to industry, universities and consortia for research on potentially revolutionary technologies that address critical national and societal needs. (Note: This is a newly created program that has been authorized by Congress.)

Between 1990 and 2007, NIST also managed the Advanced Technology Program.

NIST's FY 2008 resources total $931.5 million. The agency operates in two locations: Gaithersburg, Md., (headquarters—234-hectare/578-acre campus) and Boulder, Colo., (84-hectare/208-acre campus). NIST employs about 2,900 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support and administrative personnel. Also, NIST hosts about 2,600 associates and facility users from academia, industry, and other government agencies. In addition, NIST partners with 1,600 manufacturing specialists and staff at about 400 MEP service locations around the country.

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